|
Gabrielle d'Estrées, Duchess of Beaufort and Verneuil, Marchioness of Monceaux〔(フランス語:Gabrielle d'Estrées, duchesse de Beaufort et Verneuil, marquise de Monceaux)〕 ((:ɡabʁiɛl dɛstʁe); 1573〔Petit Robert dictionary, Dictionnaires Le Robert, Paris, 1988〕〔Desclozeaux, Adrien, ''Gabrielle d'Estrées, marquise de Monceaux, duchesse de Beaufort'', H. Champion, Paris, 1889, p. 2 (), (French)〕 – 10 April 1599) was a mistress of Henry IV of France, born at either the Château de la Bourdaisière in Montlouis-sur-Loire, in Touraine, or at the château de Cœuvres, in Picardy.〔Desclozeaux, pp. 1-2.〕 ==Royal mistress== In November 1590, Henry IV fell in love with Gabrielle d'Estrées. She became one of his many mistresses in the middle of his bitter struggle with the Catholic League. Although he was married to Margaret of Valois, Henry and Gabrielle were openly affectionate with each other in public. Fiercely loyal, Gabrielle accompanied Henry during his campaigns. Even when heavily pregnant, she insisted on living inside his tent near the battlefield, making sure his clothing was clean and that he ate well after a battle, handling the day to day correspondence while he fought. As she was an intelligent and practical woman, Henry confided his secrets to her and followed her advice. When the two were apart, Henry frequently wrote her letters while on his sojourn trips at war camps. Born a Catholic, Gabrielle knew that the best way to conclude the religious wars was for Henry himself to become a Catholic. Recognizing the wisdom in her argument, on 25 July 1593 Henry declared that "Paris is well worth a Mass" and permanently renounced Protestantism. This enabled him to be crowned King of France on 27 February 1594. Henry also arranged for Gabrielle's marriage to Liancourt to be annulled the same year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/193655/Gabrielle-dEstrees-duchess-de-Beaufort )〕 On 7 June 1594, their first child was born, a son, César de Bourbon, future Duke of Vendôme. On 4 January 1595, Henry IV officially recognized and legitimized his son in a text validated by the ''Parlement de Paris''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lettres de légitimation de César de Vendôme ; Paris, 4 janvier 1595 )〕 In that text, he also recognized Gabrielle d'Estrées as the mother of his son and as "the subject the most worthy of our friendship"; in other words, Henry IV had the ''Parlement de Paris'' officially ratify Gabrielle's position as his mistress. In 1596, he made her ''marquise de Monceaux'' and, the following year, ''duchesse de Beaufort''.〔Bayrou, François, ''Le Roi libre'', Flammarion, Paris, 1994, p. 438 (French)〕 Henry IV also recognized and legitimized two more children he had with Gabrielle: Catherine-Henriette de Bourbon, a daughter born in 1596, and Alexandre de Bourbon, a son born in 1598. The relationship between Henry and Gabrielle did not sit well with some members of the French aristocracy, and malicious pamphlets circulated that blamed the new duchess for many national misfortunes. One of the most vicious nicknames ascribed to Gabrielle was ''la duchesse d'Ordure'' ("the Duchess of Filth").〔Bercé, Yves-Marie, 5〕 Gabrielle became Henry's most important diplomat, using her female friends amongst the various Catholic League families to bring about peace. In March 1596, Henry gave both Gabrielle and his sister Catherine a set of gold keys which bestowed upon them seats on his council. This gift pleased Gabrielle so much that she took to wearing the little keys on a chain around her neck.〔Herman, Eleanor (2004). ''Sex With Kings'' p. 158〕 In 1598, Henry issued the Edict of Nantes, which gave the Huguenots certain rights while deferring to Catholics. Joining forces, the Huguenot Catherine and Catholic Gabrielle went to work overriding the objections of powerful Catholics and Huguenots and forcing compliance with the edict. Henry was so impressed with her efforts that he wrote "My mistress has become an orator of unequaled brilliance, so fiercely does she argue the cause of the new Edict."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gabrielle d'Estrées」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|